Hemodynamic and motion demands of soccer referees: a comparison between series A and B of the State Championship of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Las demandas hemodinámicas y de movimiento de los árbitros de fútbol: una comparación entre las series A y B del Campeonato Estatal de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Introduction: Soccer referees need excellent conditioning to withstand the physical and psychological demands of games.Objective: To compare the hemodynamic variables, speed, cadence, and distance coursed of referees during soccer gamesof series A and B in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Material and method: The total number of decisions made during the 10 soccer matches evaluated was 1,224 observabledecisions of 10 professional Soccer referees (one per soccer match: 5 in series A and 5 in series B). We used a frequency meter(Polar, model V800, PolarFlow software) and video footage of the games (Sony, model PXW-Z150, 4K). The moments considered were: the decision, 15 seconds that preceded it, and the period from the beginning of each stage to each decision. Were studied the hemodynamic [average heat rate (mean HR), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and minimum heart rate (HRmin)]and motion variables [average speed (Vmed), maximum speed (Vmax), average cadence (cadencemed), maximum cadence(cadencemax), minimum cadence (cadencemin), and distance covered]. Descriptive measures were used to present the resultsof the variables studied and the Student’s T-Test for independent samples to test the study hypotheses. The significance levelwas set at 95% (P <0.05). Results: The matches of series A had a greater number of interventions and greater hemodynamic load at the exact momentof the decision than those of series B. significantly (P <0.05): mean HR, HRmax, HRmin, Vmax, Cadencemed, and Cadencemax in seriesA were higher compared to series B. In the 15 seconds before the decisions: mean HR, HRmax, and HRmin in series A were higherthan in series B, and Vmed in series B was higher in relation to series A. At the exact moment of the decisions: mean HR in seriesA was higher in relation to series B...(AU)

Introducción: Los árbitros de fútbol necesitan un excelente acondicionamiento para soportar las exigencias físicas y psicológicas de los partidos. Objetivo: Comparar las variables hemodinámicas [frecuencia cardíaca media (mean HR), frecuencia cardíaca máxima (HRmax)y frecuencia cardíaca mínima (HRmin)] y desplazamiento [velocidad media (Vmed), velocidad máxima (Vmax), cadencia media(cadencemed), cadencia máxima (cadencemax), cadencia mínima (cadencemin) y distancia recorrida] durante intervencionesarbitrales en partidos entre las series A y B en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Material y método: Se analizaron 1.224 decisiones observables de 10 árbitros profesionales de fútbol cada uno en 1 partido(10 partidos del Campeonato Carioca: 5 en la serie A y 5 en la B). Se utilizaron frecuencímetros (Polar, modelo V800, softwarePolarFlow) y secuencias de video de los juegos (Sony, modelo PXW-Z150, 4K). Los momentos considerados fueron: la decisión,los 15 segundos que la precedieron y el tiempo desde el inicio de cada etapa hasta cada decisión. Resultados: Los partidos de la serie A tuvieron mayor número de intervenciones y mayor carga hemodinámica en el momentoexacto de la decisión que los de la serie B. significativamente (p <0,05): mean HR, HRmax, HRmin, Vmax, cadencemed y cadencemaxin la serie A fueron mayores que en la serie B. En los 15 segundos previos a las decisiones: mean HR, HRmax y HRmin en la serieA fueron mayores con relación a la serie B, la Vmed en la serie B fue mayor en relación a la serie A. Conclusión: Las intervenciones de los árbitros generalmente se realizan bajo presión hemodinámica elevada. Los partidosdisputados en la serie A requieren un número de intervenciones e intensidad hemodinámica superior a los partidos de laserie B...(AU)

Effects of Multicomponent Exercise Training on the Health of Older Women with Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of multicomponent exercise training in older women with osteoporosis. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (number CRD42022331137). We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and CINHAL databases for randomized experimental trials that analyzed the effects of physical exercise on health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis. The risk of bias in the studies was verified using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Jadad scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 544 participants in the experimental group and 495 in the control group. The mean age of all participants was 68.4 years. The studies combined two to four different exercise types, including strength, aerobic, balance, flexibility, and/or functional fitness training. The practice of multicomponent training with an average of 27.2 weeks, 2.6 sessions per week, and 45 min per session showed improvements in strength, flexibility, quality of life, bone mineral density, balance, and functional fitness and reduced the risk of falls in older women with osteoporosis. Multicomponent training was shown to be effective in improving health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis.

Effects of two training programs on health variables in adults with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To analyze the effects of two training programs on health variables in adults with low back pain (LBP). Methods: Thirty-eight adults were randomly divided into three groups: resistance training (RG); resistance training with core training (RCG) and control (CG). Results: There were reductions in body mass index (BMI) in RG and RCG, waist circumference in RG and RCG, pain in RG, RCG and CG, CK in RCG, stress in RG and RCG, functional deficiency in RG and RCG and increases in trunk flexor and extensor strength in the RG and RCG. Conclusion: Resistance training, with or without core training exercises, reduced the levels of LBP, functional disability, stress and CK, and increased the strength of trunk flexors and extensors. Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: ReBEC (RBR-5khzxz).

Resistance and core exercises can be an alternative treatment for adults with low back pain (LBP) that does not require any medicines. This study was designed to test the effectiveness of different exercise regimens on the health of people with low back pain. We divided adults with LBP into three groups: resistance training, resistance training with core training and a control group. We assessed the health of the participants by measuring certain chemicals in their blood samples, pain intensity, functional disability, perceived stress level and muscle strength. After 4 weeks, there were reductions in body mass index, waist circumference, pain, creatine kinase (CK ­ a natural chemical found in the bloodstream that may be higher when muscles are stressed or damaged), stress, functional impairment and increases in the strength of muscles involved in flexing the trunk (torso) in both intervention groups. Therefore, resistance training, with or without basic training exercises, is an effective form of treatment to reduce LBP.

Analysis of pain symptoms, flexibility and hydroxyproline concentration in individuals with low back pain submitted to Global Postural Re-education and stretching.

Aim: To evaluate pain, flexibility and hydroxyproline (HP) urinary levels in patients with nonspecific low back pain submitted to Global Postural Re-education (GPR) and stretching. Materials & methods: 39 individuals who reported low back pain were randomly assigned to a group submitted to GPR (GPRG) or stretching exercises (SG) for 8 weeks. Pain and flexibility were assessed using the Borg CR10 scale and goniometry, respectively. Results: The GPR group showed a significant reduction in the HP levels and significant improvements in flexibility after the intervention when compared with SG. Both groups presented a significant reduction in HP and pain after the intervention. Conclusion: Both interventions were effective in the treatment of low back pain. However, the GPR method presented better responses than stretching.

A systematic review of load control in football using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Abstract Aim: This systematic review aimed to evaluate various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, based on the frequency applied, the number of satellites available, and the dilution of precision (DOP) presented to measure football player load control. Method: The systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations. Four hundred and eighty-five articles were selected from two online databases (Scopus and ISI Web of Science) over five years, with 21 studies selected for this review. In these studies, the GNSS frequency ranged from 5 to 18 Hz, with 10 Hz as the most commonly used frequency. Results: Of the 21 selected studies, 20 presented the ideal horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP), and the number of satellites available varied from 5 to 20. There was no consensus on defining speed, acceleration, or deceleration zones. Conclusion: There was no uniformity in data collected from the devices. Most GNSS receivers do not adopt the international system of units (SI).

Análise do exercício agachamento com e sem o uso de physioball e banda elástica em diferentes intensidades / Analysis of the squat exercise with and without physioball and elastic band in different intensities

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atividade mioelétrica (EMG), o tempo sob tensão (TST) e a projeção dos joelhos no exercício agachamento sem o uso de implementos (SI) e com o uso de physioball (PH) e banda elástica (BE) em diferentes intensidades de esforço. Dez homens realizaram o exercício nos três protocolos com a intensidade de 50 e 100% de 10 RM. A distância entre joelhos no protocolo controle (51,25cm) foi menor quando comparada com o SI 50% (84,38cm; p < 0,001), com o SI 100% (88,80cm; p < 0,001) e com BE 100% (67,41cm; p = 0,014). A distância entre os joelhos também foi menor para os protocolos PH 100% (53,10cm; p < 0,001) e BE 100% (67,41cm; p < 0,001) comparada ao SI 100% (88,80cm). O Vasto Medial Oblíquo (VMO) apresentou maior ativação nos protocolos SI 50% (p = 0,035) e PH 50% (p = 0,028) quando comparados ao protocolo BE 50%. A realização do agachamento com cargas submáximas parece aumentar e diminuir a ativação do VMO quando realizado com PH e BE, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to analyze the myoelectric activity (EMG), the time under tension (TST) and the knee projection in the squat exercise without the use of implements (SI) and with the use of physioball (PH) and elastic band (EB) at different intensities of effort. Ten men performed the exercise in the three protocols with the intensity of 50 and 100% of 10 RM. The distance between knees in the control protocol (51.25 cm) was lower when compared to SI 50% (84.38 cm, p <0.001), with SI 100% (88.80 cm, p <0.001) and with EB 100% (67.41cm, p = 0.014). The distance between the knees was also lower for the protocols PH 100% (53.10cm, p <0.001) and EB 100% (67.41, p <0.001) compared to the SI 100% (88.80 cm) protocols. The Vasto Medial Oblique (VMO) presented greater activation in the SI 50% protocols (p = 0.035) and PH 50% (p = 0.028) when compared to the EB 50% protocol. The accomplishment of squatting with submaximal loads seems to increase and decrease the activation of VMO when performed with physioball and BE, respectively.

Frecuencia cardíaca y la distancia recorrida por los árbitros de fútbol durante los partidos: una revisión sistemática / Heart rate and the distance performed by the soccer referees during matches: a systematic review

Introducción: El árbitro de fútbol tiene un relevante papel en la práctica de la modalidad y necesita de excelente condición física. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la frecuencia cardíaca y la distancia recorrida por los árbitros de fútbol de campo durante sus actuaciones en los juegos. Material y método: Se realizó una amplia búsqueda de artículos, sin restricción de fechas, en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: Pubmed, Scielo y Google académico, siendo la última búsqueda efectuada el día 10/09/2017. Se utilizaron los siguientes términos de búsqueda: ("frecuencia cardíaca" o "heartrate" o "heart rate determination") AND ("distancia" o "distance" o "distance perception" o "vertical dimensión") AND (árbitro de fútbol o "soccer referee" or "football referee"). Resultados: Se encontraron 78 artículos con potencial relevancia, 27 artículos contemplaron todos los criterios inclusión, sumando 428 árbitros de fútbol, analizados en 2.936 partidos de la modalidad. Conclusión: Los árbitros necesitan una preparación muy específica. Recorren grandes distancias en los partidos, 10,36 ± 1,11 km por juego, pero de forma muy específica. Cambian mucho de dirección, de intensidad, de velocidad y rango de frecuencia cardíaca, esto sucede varias veces de forma no progresiva. En la mayoría de los juegos, se desplazan en baja intensidad, pero los estímulos de alta intensidad son muy intensos y duran muy poco de 2 a 4 segundos en su mayoría, estando directamente en los que en esas ocasiones llegan a alcanzar el 97% de su FCmáx. Se sugiere como una aplicación práctica una atención especial en la preparación y el análisis de los procesos decisivos. Los árbitros deben ser entrenados, evaluados y cuantificados en circunstancias que se asemejen a las condiciones de juego, tanto física, como psicológicamente. Es necesario enlazar las demandas físicas con las cognitivas en los entrenamientos y pruebas que asemejen a los ambientes de los partidos

Introduction: The football referee has an important role in the practice of the sport, requiring excellent physical conditioning. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between heart rate and distance covered by field soccer referees during their performances in games. Material and method: A broad search of articles was carried out, without restriction of dates, in the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Scielo and Google academic, being the last search carried out on 10/09/2017. The following search terms were used: ("heart rate" or "heart rate determination") AND ("distance" or "distance perception" or "vertical dimension") AND Results: There were 78 articles with potential relevance, 27 articles included all the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 428 soccer referees, analyzed in 2,936 games of the modality. Conclusion: The referees need a very specific preparation. They travel long distances in games, 10.36 ± 1.11 km per game, but in a very specific way. They vary greatly in direction, intensity, speed and range of heart rate, this happens several times in a non-progressive way. They work in matches with a FCmed ranging around 158,88 ± 3,99 bpm and, in most games, they move in low intensity, but high intensity stimuli are very intense and last very little from 2 to 4 seconds, being directly connected to the crucial bids, on these occasions they reach 97%of their FCmáx. Finally, it is suggested as a practical application a special attention is needed in the preparation and analysis of decision-making processes. Referees need to be trained, evaluated and quantified in circumstances that resemble game conditions, both physically and psychologically. It is necessary to ally physical demands with cognitive, that resemble the environments of the matches, in the trainings and tests

Analysis of the relationship between personality traits and leadership characteristics of handball coaches of school teams in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and leadership characteristics of handball coaches of school teams in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Method: The sample was composed of 31 male individuals (41.71 ± 9.61 years) registered as coaches at the Federation of Student Sports of Rio de Janeiro (FEERJ). The data collection instruments were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The Pearson correlation test showed a moderate negative correlation between working time as a coach and coach ages and Psychoticism (P); a moderate positive correlation between Extroversion (E) and Positive Feedback (PF) behavior; a moderate positive correlation between Neuroticism (N) and PF; a moderate positive correlation between N and autocratic behavior. The ANOVA revealed that coaches in the infantile category exhibited higher levels of N than those in the juvenile category. The Social Support (SS) given by the coaches of the junior categories presented superior levels to those of the juvenile category. The SS of the coaches of the infantile category showed higher levels than those of the juvenile category. Conclusion: It was concluded that certain personality traits are associated with the leadership characteristics of the investigated coaches.(AU)

Análise da relação entre competência técnica e intenções morais em tomadas de decisão de árbitros de futebol: um estudo exploratório com crianças / Analysis of the relation between technical competence and moral intentions in soccer referee decisions: an exploratory study with children / Análisis de la relación entre competencia técnica e intenciones morales en tomas de decisión de árbitros de fútbol: un estudio exploratorio con niños

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar se, para crianças, errar e roubar constituem ações conceitualmente equivalentes entre si na conduta do árbitro de futebol, e se existe divergência de opinião entre meninos e meninas. Para tanto, utilizou-se um questionário fechado contendo três perguntas sobre a conduta dos árbitros de futebol durante as partidas da modalidade, aplicado a 46 crianças (25 meninos e 21 meninas) de oito a onze anos de idade (idade: 9,6 ± 0,83 anos), numa escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Para verificar a associação entre as respostas, o que sugere coerência na opinião da criança, e para verificar se há diferença de opinião entre os gêneros, empregou-se o teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Observou-se que mais da metade da amostra relatou conhecer o papel do árbitro e mostrou coerência ao responder as questões. Isso pode refletir um nível de maturidade para compreender perguntas e julgar o árbitro. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre meninos e meninas quanto à concordância das respostas. Assim, a maioria respondeu que, quando os árbitros erram, não o fazem de propósito. Sugere-se o trabalho com amostras maiores e a inclusão dos responsáveis pelas crian- ças em estudos futuros.

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether, for children, to err and to steal are actions conceptually equivalent to each other in the conduct of the soccer referee, and if there is divergence of opinion between boys and girls. For that, it was used a closed questionnaire containing three questions about the conduct of soccer referees during the games of the modality, applied to 46 children (25 boys and 21 girls) from eight to eleven years old (age: 9.6 ± 0.83 years), in a municipal school in Rio de Janeiro. To verify the association between the answers, which suggests coherence in the child's opinion, and to verify if there is a difference of opinion between the genres, the Pearson Chi-square was used. It was observed that more than half of the sample reported knowing the role of the referee and showed coherence in answering the questions. This may reflect a level of maturity to understand questions and judge the referee. There was no significant statistical difference between boys and girls as to the agreement of the answers. Thus, most answered that, when the referees err, they do not do it on purpose. It is suggested to work with larger samples and to include those responsible for the children in future studies.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si, para niños, errar y robar constituye acciones conceptualmente equivalentes entre sí en la conducta del árbitro de fútbol, y si existe divergencia de opinión entre niños y niñas. Para ello, se utilizó un cuestionario cerrado que conten- ía tres preguntas sobre la conducta de los árbitros de fútbol durante los partidos de la modalidad, aplicado a 46 niños (25 niños y 21 niñas) de ocho a once años de edad (edad: 9,6 ± 0,83 años), en una escuela municipal de Río de Janeiro. Para verificar la asociación entre las respuestas, lo que sugiere coherencia en la opinión del niño, y para verificar si hay diferencia de opinión de los géneros en este estudio se utilizó el Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Se observó que más de la mitad de la muestra relató conocer el papel del árbitro y mostró coherencia al responder a las preguntas. Esto puede reflejar un nivel de madurez para entender preguntas y juzgar al árbitro. No hubo diferencia estadística significativa entre niños y niñas en cuanto a la concordancia de las respuestas, así, la mayoría respondió que, cuando los árbitros se equivocan, no lo hacen de propósito. Se sugiere el trabajo con muestras mayores y la inclusión de los responsables de los niños en estudios futuros.

Muscle strength, gh and igf-1 in older women submitted to land and aquatic resistance training / Força muscular, gh e igf-1 em idosas submetidas ao treinamento de força no solo e na água / Fuerza muscular, gh e igf-1 en adultas mayores sometidas al entrenamiento de fuerza en suelo y agua

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging leads to decline in multiple organ systems associated to hormone alterations and loss of muscle mass and strength. Objective: To evaluate the effects of land and water resistance training on muscle strength, basal serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in elderly women. Methods: Subjects were distributed in three groups: land resistance training (LRT; n=10; age: 66.10±2.77 years), water resistance training (WRT; n=10; age: 67.10±3.54 years) and control (CG; n=10; age: 68.80±5.41 years). Muscle strength was assessed with the 1-RM test in bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) exercises. Serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 were analyzed by chemiluminescence. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed elevated muscle strength in the BP only in LRT (D%=60.2%; p=0.0001) when compared to the CG (D%=46.73%, p=0.0001) and WRT (D%=32.49%, p=0.004). LRT and WRT increased muscle strength in LP (D%LRT=57.14%; p=0.004; D%WRT=42.3%; p=0.033). There was an increase in LRT and WRT in the LP when compared to CG (D%=45.59%, p=0.019; D%=43.97%, p=0.026, respectively). IGF-1 was elevated only in LRT (D%=49.72%, p=0.004) from pre- to post-test and when compared to WRT (D%=56.76%, p=0.002) and CG (D%=74.63%, p=0.0001). IGFBP3 levels showed that only WRT increased (D%=26.79%, p=0.044) from pre- to post-test. The IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio demonstrated that LRT reached intragroup elevation (D%=52.66%, p=0.002) and when compared to WRT (D%=94.11%, p=0.0001) and CG (D%=73.45%, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in GH. Conclusion: Land resistance training may provide better anabolic effects in elderly women.

RESUMO Introdução: O envelhecimento leva ao declínio de múltiplos sistemas de órgãos associado a alterações hormonais e perda de massa e força muscular. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento de força no meio terrestre e aquático sobre a força muscular e os níveis séricos basais de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Os indivíduos foram distribuídos em três grupos: treinamento de força no meio terrestre (TFT; n = 10; idade: 66,10 ± 2,77 anos), treinamento de força na água (TFA; n = 10; idade: 67,10 ± 3,54 anos) e grupo controle (GC; n = 10; idade: 68,80 ± 5,41 anos). A força muscular foi avaliada pelo teste de 1-RM nos exercícios supino reto (SR) e leg press (LP). Os níveis séricos de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 foram analisados por quimioluminescência. Resultados: O teste ANOVA com medidas repetidas mostrou aumento da força muscular no SR só no TFT (∆% = 60,2%; p = 0,0001) quando comparado ao GC (∆% = 46,73%, p = 0,0001) e TFA (∆% = 32,49%, p=0,004). TFT e TFA aumentaram a força muscular no LP (∆% TFT = 57,14%; p = 0,004; ∆% TFA = 42,3%; p = 0,033). Houve um aumento no TFT e TFA no LP em comparação com o GC (∆% = 45,59%, p = 0,019; ∆% = 43,97%, p = 0,026, respectivamente). IGF-1 aumentou só no TFT (∆% = 49,72%, p = 0,004) do pré para o pós-teste e quando comparado ao TFA (∆% = 56,76%, p = 0,002) e ao GC (∆% = 74,63%, p = 0,0001). Os níveis de IGFBP3 mostraram aumento apenas no TFA (∆% = 26,79%, p = 0,044) do pré para o pós-teste. A razão IGF-1/IGFBP3 demonstrou que TFT atingiu elevação intragrupo (∆% = 52,66%, p = 0,002) e quando comparado ao TFA (∆% = 94,11%, p = 0,0001) e CG (∆% = 73,45%, p = 0,0001). Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas no GH. Conclusão: O treinamento de força no meio terrestre produziu maior efeito anabólico nas idosas.

RESUMEN Introducción: El envejecimiento lleva al declive de múltiples sistemas de órganos, asociado a cambios hormonales y pérdida de masa y fuerza muscular. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en el medio terrestre y acuático sobre la fuerza muscular y los niveles séricos basales de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 en mujeres mayores. Métodos: Los individuos fueron distribuidos en tres grupos: entrenamiento de fuerza en medio terrestre (EFT; n = 10; edad: 66,10 ± 2,77 años), entrenamiento de fuerza en medio acuático (EFA; n = 10; edad: 67,10 ± 3,54 años) y grupo control (GC, n = 10; edad = 68,80 ± 5,41 años). La fuerza muscular se evaluó por la prueba de 1-RM en los ejercicios de press de banca (PB) y prensa de pierna (PP). Los niveles séricos de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 se analizaron por quimioluminiscencia. Resultados: La prueba ANOVA con medidas repetidas mostró aumento de la fuerza muscular en el PB sólo en el EFS (∆% = 60,2%; p = 0,0001) en comparación al GC (∆% = 46,73%, p = 0,0001) y EFA (∆% = 32,49%, p = 0,004). EFS y EFA aumentaron la fuerza muscular en la PP (∆%EFS = 57,14%; p = 0,004; ∆%EFA = 42,3%; p = 0,033). Se observó un aumento en el EFS y EFA en la PP en comparación con el GC (∆% = 45,59%, p = 0,019; ∆% = 43,97%, p = 0,026, respectivamente). IGF-1 aumentó sólo en el EFS (∆% = 49,72%; p = 0,004) del pre para el post-test y en comparación con el EFA (∆% = 56,76%; p = 0,002) y al GC (∆% = 74,63%; p = 0,0001). Los niveles de IGFBP3 mostraron aumento sólo en el EFS (∆% = 26,79%; p = 0,044) del pre para el post-test. La razón IGF-1/IGFBP3 demostró que EFS alcanzó elevación intragrupo (∆% = 52,66%; p = 0,002) y en comparación al EFA (∆% = 94,11%, p = 0,0001) y GC (∆% = 73,45%; p = 0,0001). No se observaron diferencias significativas en el GH. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza en el medio terrestre produjo un mayor efecto anabólico en las mujeres mayores.

Perfil antropométrico, composición corporal y somatotipo de jóvenes futbolistas brasileños de diferentes categorías y posiciones / Perfil antropométrico, composição corporal e somatotipo de jovens atletas de futebol brasileiros de diferentes categorías e posições / Anthropometric profile, body composition and somatotype of brazilian youth soccer players of different categories and positions

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y describir las medidas antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo de futbolistas brasileños en varias categorías y posiciones de accionamiento en el campo. La muestra de este estudio está conformada por un grupo de 1.115 jugadores de fútbol masculino y divididos en ocho grupos: Sub 07 (n=60); Sub 09 (n=75); Sub 11 (n=140); Sub 13 (n=182); Sub 15 (n=184); Sub 17 (n=166); Sub 20 (n=144) y Profesionales (n=164). Se utilizó una estadística descriptiva (media ± desviación estándar) a través del SSPS y utlilizando v21 "One-way ANOVA" complementando la prueba "Bonferroni" de significância, considerando um valor p<0,05. Las variables antropométricas relacionados con la composición corporal: peso corporal, altura, porcentaje de grasa corporal, SDC (suma de los pliegues cutáneos), mostraron la evolución perfecta entre las categorías analizadas, lo que significa que existe una armonía en el proceso de evolución entre los grupos.

Objetivo: identificar e descrever as medidas antropométricas, de composição corporal e do somatotipo de jogadores brasileiros em diversas categorias e posições no campo. Método: a amostra consistiu em 1.115 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino e divididos em oito grupos: Under 07(n = 60); Sub-09 (n = 75); Sub 11 (n = 140); Sub 13 (n = 182); Sub 15 (n =184); Sub 17 (n = 166); Sub-20 (n = 144) e Professional (n = 164). Estatística descritiva (média ± desvio padrão) foi utilizada através do SPSS, utilizandov21 “one-way ANOVA”, complementar “Bonferroni” significado, um teste considerando o valor de p <0,05. Resultado: as variáveis antropométricas relacionadas à composição corporal: massa corporal, estatura, percentual de gordura corporal, SDC (somatório das dobras cutâneas) mostraram a evolução perfeita entre as categorias analisadas. Conclusão: há harmonia no processo de evolução entre grupos.

Objective: To identify and describe the anthropometric measurements,body composition and somatotype of Brazilian players in various categories and positions in the field. Method: The sample consisted of 1,115 malesoccer players and divided into eight groups: Under 07 (n = 60); Sub-09(n = 75); Sub 11 (n = 140); Sub 13 (n = 182); Sub 15 (n = 184); Under 17(n = 166); U-20 (n = 144) and Professional (n = 164). Descriptive statistics(mean ± standard deviation) was used through SPSS, using v21 “one-wayANOVA”, complementary “Bonferroni” significance test considering thevalue of p <0.05. Results: Anthropometric variables related to body composition:body weight, height, body fat percentage, SDC (sum of skin folds)showed the perfect evolution of the categories analyzed. Conclusion: thereis harmony in the evolution process between groups.